The establishment of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights presents significant differences from the establishment of all international criminal courts. Accordingly, the establishment of African Court was founded on the lake of cooperation of African governments with the International Criminal Court and the failure to accept the jurisdiction of the Court with respect to international crimes on the African continent. However, the establishment of such a court in various dimensions can pose major challenges in terms of jurisdictional overlap with the International Criminal Court. However, the Court of Justice, Human Rights and the African Nation acquired jurisdiction over international crimes across the African continent in 2014 with the accession of a supplementary document called the “Malabo supplementary document”. But, despite the inclusion of examples of war crimes in the document, it was considered as a re-reading of the regulations adopted in the Rome Statute. But, the issue was the establishment of jurisdiction in the jurisdiction of the African Court. The African Court of Justice, under the Supplementary Document, in response to war crimes, addressed challenges such as compliance with international humanitarian law standards in armed conflict, protection of children's rights, the use of nuclear weapons and genocide and so on.

In contrast to other ancillary suits (such as competing claims, compulsory presence of a third party, and intervention of a third party), there are no particular regulations in the Iranian Civil Procedural Law to define principles and rules govering “additional claim”. The word “additional” within the context of this term has two meanings. Its general meaning includes any change in the essential elements of the claim, the purpose of the claim, and the reason for the claim, which generally known as “changes in the claim”. In its specific meaning, it refers to a claim submitted under a new demand which is attached to the original claim due to its relation to the original claim. Accordingly, this paper analyses the concept, necessity, conditions and rules govering the additional claim in order to clarify the existing ambiguous points, differences and similarities with the changes in the claim.

The African continent, for reasons such as ignorance, sectarianism, political and economic changes, the absence of a national government, the spread of corruption, etc., has always been prone to the emergence of terrorist groups and non-state actors in creating insecurity. A quarter of the world average terrorist violence occurs in Africa; because terrorist groups are active in half of African countries. therefore, despite the ratification of several documents by the international community and creating structures in the framework of Rome Statute for establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and also establishment of case and complex international criminal courts, the legal mechanisms of these courts was not somehow effective to counter international crimes in the African continent by implementing the Jurisdiction of ICC; because the position of the court to deal with crimes under jurisdiction, faced the African governments with challenges, which in many years and recent decades caused non-cooperation, threatened to leave or resign from the court with the claim of not considering the immunity of high-ranking heads of government, as well as discriminatory proceedings in the jurisdiction of the court. Therefore, the non-cooperation of African governments with the court led to the establishment of the African Court and the addition of the "Malabo" document to it in 2014, which according to Article "28F" of the annexed document to the statute of the African Court, dealing with terrorist crimes was included in the jurisdiction of the African Court. Therefore, in order to identify the scope of the Court's jurisdiction, while studying the attitude of the Additional Document in the evaluation of terrorist crimes, this article evaluates the challenges facing the African Court in legal achievements according to the framework of the Additional Document. [English]

In this paper,, in order to know more about algebraic structures, is tried by adding conditions to groupoids, RM-algebras, (involutive) moons and goops. some properties and relationships between them are investigated. It proven that in most cases, moons will be trivial with the addition of these conditions.

Over the past few decades, the application of HRM methods for improving services and achieving essential outcomes has become a key component of major changes in human resource development of organizations. Due to the situation of employee career pathway systems and according to the present methods, visualization of the employees' career pathway and the subsequent human resource development do not seem to be possible. Therefore, the present research is aimed at identifying the dimensions and components of a career pathway model. This research is conducted through qualitative content analysis method for designing the model, and is based on the field survey for performance. It has led to the design of a career pathway model for the development of human resources in a military organization. The statistical population of the study includes university professors and 20 experienced experts of human resource, and 141 managers, experts and employees of HR field in Tehran, from whom a sample is selected purposefully according to the Cochran formula. Data collection tool includes a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0. 797 based on the Cronbach's alpha test with a validity of CVS = CVR = 0. 95, CVI = 0. 97 coefficients. Descriptive and inferential statistics are employed to analyze the data through SPSS software. The results indicate that career progression pathway model consists of 7 dimensions and 23 components. This model is based on the path analysis test.

Since 2001 Ashgabat lunched more normal pattern of neutrality. In 2006, with the arrival of Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow as new leader, The process of change in foreign policy intensified. In view of the aforementioned considerations, this paper seeks to answer the two main questions: what kind of changes Turkmenistan's neutrality strategy have experienced? And what have been the economic consequences of this strategy? The hypothesis here is that the Turkmenistan’s foreign policy until 2006 was based on Isolation. After 2001 negative neutrality has been adopted. Then, with the arrival of Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, active and positive neutrality has been adopted. This strategy explain as one of the main factors of economic growth in Turkmenistan in the last ten years (2016-2006).

Discriminant analysis is a classification method that can predict the group membership of a newly sampled observation. In discriminant analysis, classification of new observed data has an uncertainty. In this paper, the confidence degree is introduced to determine the confidence of classification of new observed data. Then, a Monte Carlo-based sensitivity analysis is applied to an assessment of the influence of financial variables on the overall variance in defined confidence degree. The variables that have a dominant influence on the confidence of new observed data are identified. The result show that in changing classification of the new branch of banks, the uncertainties in the long-term deposits and loans granted variables are more significant than the uncertainties in other bank’ s variables in decision making. Also, the personnel, non-benefit deposit and non-performing loans variables have little effect. The results open the door to better making decision on establishing a new bank’ s branches.